There are two main types of contact dermatitis:

1. Irritant Contact Dermatitis (ICD) (Most Common)
   • Caused by repeated exposure to an irritating substance.
   • Common triggers:
     • Soaps, detergents, and disinfectants.
     • Saliva (common in babies who drool).
     • Friction from clothing or diapers.
     • Frequent handwashing.
2. Allergic Contact Dermatitis (ACD)
   • Caused by an immune system reaction to an allergen.
   • Common triggers:
     • Poison ivy, oak, and sumac.
     • Fragrances and preservatives in lotions and shampoos.
     • Nickel (found in jewelry, buttons, and belt buckles).
     • Latex (balloons, gloves, pacifiers).
     • Certain topical medications, such as neomycin in antibiotic ointments.

Signs and Symptoms of Contact Dermatitis

• Red, inflamed skin in the area of contact.
• Itching or burning sensation.
• Dry, cracked, or peeling skin.
• Swelling or tenderness.
• Blisters that may ooze and crust over (common in allergic reactions).

Symptoms usually appear within hours to days after exposure and improve once the irritant or allergen is removed.

How Can Contact Dermatitis Be Treated?

1. Identify and Remove the Trigger
   • Determine the possible irritant or allergen and avoid further exposure.
   • Switch to gentle, fragrance-free soaps, lotions, and detergents.
2. Soothe the Skin
   • Apply cool compresses for 10–15 minutes to relieve itching and inflammation.
   • Use hypoallergenic moisturizers (e.g., Vaseline, Aquaphor, CeraVe, or Eucerin) to restore the skin barrier.
3. Topical Medications
   • Hydrocortisone cream (1%): Over-the-counter steroid cream can help reduce inflammation.
   • Antihistamines (e.g., diphenhydramine/Benadryl or cetirizine/Zyrtec): Can help with severe itching (especially for allergic reactions).
   • Calamine lotion: Helps soothe poison ivy and mild irritation.
4. Treating Severe Cases
   • If the rash is widespread, severe, or involves blisters or open sores, a doctor may prescribe:
     • Stronger topical steroids.
     • Oral steroids (e.g., prednisone) for severe allergic reactions.
     • Antibiotics if the rash becomes infected (e.g., pus, yellow crusting)

Preventing Contact Dermatitis

1. Use fragrance-free, hypoallergenic products (soaps, detergents, lotions).
2. Avoid known allergens (e.g., nickel, latex, poison ivy).
3. Apply a protective barrier cream (especially in children prone to drool rashes or diaper dermatitis).
4. Wash skin immediately after suspected allergen exposure.
5. Dress children in soft, breathable clothing to prevent irritation.

When to See a Doctor

Seek medical attention if:

• The rash does not improve after a few days of home treatment.
• The rash is painful, widespread, or oozing.
• The child has swelling of the face, lips, or difficulty breathing (possible severe allergic reaction).
• The rash appears infected (red streaks, pus, fever).