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A painful boil or skin abscess can develop when infected material collects beneath the skin. When a drainable collection is present, incision and drainage (I&D) can relieve pressure and remove that material.
We first determine whether drainage is actually needed and whether culture, antibiotics, or additional treatment are appropriate. The procedure is usually performed with local anesthesia, followed by clear wound-care instructions.
Incision and Drainage (I&D) for Abscesses and Boils
A skin abscess is a localized collection of pus that may become swollen, tender, and painful. Inflamed cysts can sometimes look similar, so the diagnosis matters before treatment.
How is the procedure performed?
The skin is cleaned and numbed with local anesthetic. A small opening is made to allow drainage, and the cavity may be gently explored or irrigated. Material may be sent for culture when clinically useful. Packing is used only when appropriate.
Are antibiotics always needed?
No. Antibiotics are more likely to be used when there is surrounding cellulitis, fever, immune suppression, recurrent infection, certain high-risk locations, or other clinical concerns.
What should I expect afterward?
Tenderness and drainage can continue for a short period. Wound care depends on the size and location of the abscess, and follow-up may be needed to reassess healing or remove packing.
Aftercare: Review Procedural Wound Care — Abscess I&D for dressing, packing, drainage, antibiotic, and follow-up instructions.
When should I seek urgent help?
Seek prompt evaluation for fever, rapidly spreading redness, worsening pain, red streaks, facial or genital involvement, severe swelling, or systemic illness.
For causes, diagnosis, warning signs and when drainage is or is not needed, see Boils and Skin Abscesses.
Related reading from Borealis
Explore these topics for more background and questions to discuss at your visit.